Male Infertility
Male infertility is the inability to cause a pregnancy due to issues with sperm production, quality, function, or transport.
About Male Infertility
Male infertility can result from low sperm production, abnormal sperm function, or blockages that prevent the delivery of sperm. Illnesses, injuries, chronic health problems, lifestyle choices, and other factors can contribute to male infertility. It is a common reproductive health issue that can make conception difficult.
Symptoms of Male Infertility
The primary sign of male infertility is the inability to conceive a child. In many cases, there are no noticeable symptoms.
Symptoms of male infertility may include:
- Abnormal breast growth
- A low sperm count, defined as fewer than 15 million sperm per milliliter of semen or a total sperm count below 39 million per ejaculate
- Decreased facial or body hair or other signs of a chromosomal or hormonal abnormality
- Inability to smell
- Pain, swelling, or lumps in the testicle area
- Problems with sexual function, such as difficulty ejaculating, reduced ejaculate volume, reduced sexual desire, or erectile dysfunction
- Recurrent respiratory infections
Risk Factors for Male Infertility
Risk factors for male infertility can include lifestyle choices, medical conditions, and past experiences that affect reproductive health.
Risk factors for male infertility may include:
- A history of undescended testicles
- A personal or family history of fertility disorders
- A prior vasectomy or major abdominal or pelvic surgery
- Certain medical conditions, including tumors or chronic illnesses like sickle cell disease
- Past or current infections
- Substance use
- Use of certain medications or treatments, such as surgery or radiation for cancer
- Testicular trauma
Treating Male Infertility at UT Medicine
Management of male infertility may involve lifestyle changes, medications, or surgery. Medications or other treatments may be recommended for hormone-related infertility. In some cases, assisted reproductive technologies or minimally invasive treatments may be recommended. Your care team will discuss the risks, benefits, and what to expect during the procedure and recovery process.
